Vitamina A

La vitamina A es liposoluble y es muy conocida por su aporte a la visión. Asimismo, cumple una función en el mantenimiento de las células corporales, la reproducción, el crecimiento, el desarrollo fetal y el funcionamiento inmunológico.

El betacaroteno, un pigmento que brinda a las zanahorias y las batatas (camotes) su color distintivo, pertenece a un grupo de compuestos denominados carotenoides que el cuerpo puede convertir en vitamina A. Además de funcionar como precursores de la vitamina A, los carotenoides también actúan como antioxidantes en el cuerpo.

Fuentes de alimentos y bebidas

La vitamina A también se encuentra en la grasa del hígado, el pescado, los aceites de pescado, los huevos y el yogur elaborado con leche entera. Los carotenoides se encuentran en las verduras de color verde oscuro, naranja y amarillo, en algunas frutas, como las zanahorias, las batatas (camote), el zapallo (calabacita), el mango, el melón, el melocotón (durazno), el albaricoque (chabacano), el brécol (brócoli), la espinaca y otras verduras de hojas verdes.

La vitamina A se encuentra en la leche entera y las bebidas a base de leche elaboradas con leche entera. Las bebidas de bajo contenido graso, descremadas y a base de soja (soya) no son fuentes naturales de vitamina A, pero pueden estar fortificadas con dicha vitamina. Los carotenoides se encuentran en los jugos de verduras de colores intensos, como el jugo de tomate y zanahoria.

Niveles recomendados de consumo

El consumo recomendado para la vitamina A es de 700 a 900 equivalentes de retinol (ER). Los ER abarcan tanto a la vitamina A como a los carotenoides.

Dado que la vitamina A es liposoluble y se almacena en los tejidos, puede acumularse en el cuerpo y transformarse en un factor bastante perjudicial si se consume en exceso.

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